Fecal
Indicator Bacteria Monitoring in Environmental Waters: Overview of Existing
Modeling Efforts Chapter: 5
Authors:
Meredith
Nevers,1 Murulee Byappanahalli,1 Phanikumar Mantha,2
and Richard Whitman11US Geological Survey, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304
2Michigan State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824
Chapter Outline
1.
Introduction
a. Description of models
b. Different uses for models
2.
Sources
of indicator bacteria to recreational surface waters
a. Environmental sources (sand,
algae and vegetation, detritus, soil/sediments, planktonic materials, and
macroinvertebrates)
b. Distinguishing sewage sources
using microbial source tracking
c. Characterizing human health risk
based on source origin
3.
Mechanistic/dynamic
modeling of microbial movement and survival and application to source
identification
a. Salient physical and biological
processes
b. Plume dynamics and extent of
influence on coastal areas
c. Influence of beach
morphometry/situation on sources and transport
4.
Predicting
pathogens/pathogen indicators’ concentrations to protect public health; using
knowledge of microbial movement, survival, and source to predict beach water
quality in real time
a. Model types: simple, regression,
advanced statistical methods and improvements in accuracy
b. Development of individual and
multi-beach models
c. Integration of mechanistic and
empirical models; database
models
d. Importance of validation and
multi-year studies
5.
Modeling
indicator bacteria/pathogens for surface water monitoring: applied use
a. Examples of current applications
b. Assessment of reduction in health
risk
c. Potential for signaling
contamination events and opportunities for remediation
6.
Comparison
with other potential microbiological monitoring techniques
a. Table showing pros and cons of
each monitoring approach, including accuracy, health protection, and practical
use
7.
Summary
and Conclusions
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